Physics, grade 11
65 topics for grade 11, 488 exercises. Each one starts with an explanation, then practice that adapts: get it right and the difficulty rises, get it wrong and the tutor takes the step apart.
Topics in this grade
Magnetic Field Basics
A magnetic field is a region where magnetic forces act, around a magnet or wire.
9 exercises
Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic induction creates an electric current by changing the magnetic field through a loop of wire.
9 exercises
Alternating Current
Alternating current periodically reverses direction, unlike direct current which flows one way.
9 exercises
Electromagnetic Waves
An electromagnetic wave combines oscillating electric and magnetic fields, traveling even through a vacuum.
9 exercises
Harmonic Oscillations
A harmonic oscillation is a repeating back-and-forth motion, like a pendulum or a spring.
9 exercises
Mechanical Waves
A mechanical wave carries energy through a medium without carrying the medium itself along.
9 exercises
Sound and Acoustics
Sound is a longitudinal mechanical wave that travels through air, water, or solids.
9 exercises
Geometric Optics
Geometric optics treats light as straight rays that reflect and refract at surfaces.
9 exercises
Wave Optics
Light behaves as a wave and can interfere and diffract, not just travel in straight rays.
9 exercises
Bohr Atomic Model
The Bohr model pictures an atom as a tiny nucleus with electrons orbiting at fixed distances.
9 exercises
Radioactivity
Radioactivity is the spontaneous decay of an unstable nucleus, releasing particles or energy.
9 exercises
Nuclear Reactions
A nuclear reaction changes the nucleus of an atom.
9 exercises
Nuclear Fission
Nuclear fission splits a heavy nucleus into two lighter nuclei, releasing energy and extra neutrons.
9 exercises
Nuclear Fusion
Nuclear fusion joins two light nuclei into one heavier nucleus, releasing energy.
9 exercises
First Law of Thermodynamics
The first law of thermodynamics is energy conservation applied to heating and work.
9 exercises
Second Law of Thermodynamics
The second law of thermodynamics says a heat engine cannot turn all its absorbed heat into useful work.
9 exercises
Phase Transitions
A liquid can turn into vapor from its surface, or throughout its volume once it starts to boil.
9 exercises
Postulates of Special Relativity
Special relativity rests on two postulates: physics laws are the same in every inertial frame.
9 exercises
Relativistic Kinematics
Relativistic kinematics describes how time and length change for objects moving at speeds close to light speed.
9 exercises
Relativistic Dynamics
Relativistic dynamics describes how an object's total energy grows as its speed approaches light speed.
9 exercises
Electric Field in Matter
Placing a conductor or a dielectric inside an electric field changes how that field behaves.
9 exercises
Electromagnetic Oscillations
An oscillatory circuit is a capacitor and a coil connected together in a loop.
7 exercises
Radio Communication
Radio communication sends sound or other information through space using electromagnetic waves.
7 exercises
Light Interference
Interference is two coherent light waves overlapping and reinforcing or canceling each other.
7 exercises
Light Diffraction
Diffraction is a wave bending around an obstacle or spreading out past an edge.
7 exercises
Light Dispersion
Dispersion is a prism or another transparent object splitting white light into a spectrum of colors.
7 exercises
Light Polarization
Polarization describes which plane a light wave's electric field oscillates in.
7 exercises
Photometry
Photometry measures light the way a human eye actually perceives it, rather than in raw energy terms.
7 exercises
Thermal Radiation
A perfectly black body absorbs every bit of radiation that falls on it.
7 exercises
Photoelectric Effect
The photoelectric effect is light knocking electrons out of a metal's surface.
7 exercises
Compton Effect
The Compton effect is a photon scattering off a nearly free electron.
7 exercises
Wave Properties of Particles
Every moving particle has a wave hidden inside its motion.
7 exercises
Lasers
A laser is a quantum generator that produces light through stimulated emission.
7 exercises
Nuclear Structure
An atomic nucleus is built from protons and neutrons, together called nucleons.
7 exercises
Elementary Particles
Every particle of matter has an antiparticle, with the same mass but opposite charge.
7 exercises
Magnetic Field in Matter
Placing a material inside a magnetic field can strengthen or weaken that field inside the material.
7 exercises
Electrical Resistivity
Resistivity is a number that tells how strongly a material itself resists current, apart from its shape.
6 exercises · about 20 min
Shunts and Multiplier Resistors
Shunts and multiplier resistors let a meter measure a bigger range than it was built for.
6 exercises · about 20 min
Joule-Lenz Law and Power of Current
The Joule-Lenz law tells you how much heat a current produces in a resistor over time.
6 exercises · about 20 min
Electromotive Force and Ohm's Law for a Full Circuit
Electromotive force tells you how much energy a source of current gives to each coulomb of charge.
6 exercises · about 25 min
Electric Current in Metals
Electric current in metals is the drift of free electrons through the metal's fixed lattice of positive ions.
6 exercises · about 20 min
Electric Current in Electrolytes
Electric current in electrolytes is the directed drift of both positive and negative ions through a liquid.
6 exercises · about 25 min
Electric Current in Gases
Electric current in gases, called a gas discharge, is the directed drift of free electrons and ions through the gas.
6 exercises · about 20 min
Electric Current in a Vacuum
Electric current in a vacuum is the directed flow of free electrons emitted from a heated metal surface.
6 exercises · about 20 min
Electric Current in Semiconductors
Semiconductors are materials whose resistivity sits between that of conductors and that of insulators.
6 exercises · about 25 min
Ampere Force and Torque on a Current Loop
The Ampere force is the push a magnetic field gives a current-carrying wire.
7 exercises · about 25 min
Lorentz Force
The Lorentz force is the push a magnetic field gives a single moving charged particle.
7 exercises · about 25 min
Self-Induction, Inductance and the Energy of a Magnetic Field
Self-induction is a coil's own current inducing an electromotive force in that same coil, whenever the current changes.
7 exercises · about 25 min
The Electromagnetic Field
The electromagnetic field is a single physical entity with an electric part and a magnetic part.
7 exercises · about 20 min
Resistance and Reactance in AC Circuits
Ammeters and voltmeters read the rms values of an alternating current and voltage, not their peak values.
7 exercises · about 25 min
Transformers and Power Transmission
A transformer changes an alternating current's voltage while keeping its frequency the same.
7 exercises · about 25 min
Kirchhoff's Rules
Kirchhoff's rules let you solve a circuit with several branches meeting at shared junctions.
7 exercises · about 25 min
Thermoelectric Phenomena
Touching two different metals together always produces a contact potential difference between them, caused by their differing work functions.
7 exercises · about 20 min
Semiconductor Devices
A semiconductor diode conducts current through a single p-n junction, in one direction only.
7 exercises · about 20 min
Damped Electromagnetic Oscillations and Autooscillations
A real oscillatory circuit always has some resistance, which drains its energy away as heat.
7 exercises · about 25 min
Resonance in an AC Circuit
A series circuit with a resistor, a coil, and a capacitor can reach resonance.
7 exercises · about 20 min
Generators and Three-Phase Current
An induction generator turns mechanical energy into electrical energy through electromagnetic induction.
7 exercises · about 25 min
Light Pressure
Light striking a surface pushes on it, since each absorbed or reflected photon transfers its own momentum to that surface.
7 exercises · about 20 min
Bohr's Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
Bohr's theory explains the hydrogen atom using two rules layered onto a tiny nucleus and orbiting electron.
7 exercises · about 25 min
Spectra and Spectral Analysis
Spectral analysis identifies a substance's chemical makeup from the light it gives off or absorbs.
7 exercises · about 20 min
Basic Postulates of Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics replaces the classical idea of a definite trajectory with probability.
7 exercises · about 25 min
Quantum Numbers and the Physical Basis of the Periodic Table
Four quantum numbers together fully describe a single electron's state inside an atom.
7 exercises · about 25 min
X-Ray Radiation
X-rays are electromagnetic waves with a wavelength far shorter than visible light, roughly 0.01 to 10 nanometers.
7 exercises · about 20 min
Methods of Registering Ionizing Radiation
Every method for detecting ionizing radiation relies on one shared effect: radiation ionizes the atoms it passes through.
7 exercises · about 20 min
Biological Effects of Radiation and Protection
Ionizing radiation damages living tissue by ionizing the molecules inside cells, including DNA.
7 exercises · about 20 min
Where this leads
These topics feed DTM Physics, NMT Physics, ZNO Physics.
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